[時事英文] 從 Most Dangerous Place 文章,看經濟學人寫作邏輯
最近大家好像都在討論這一篇文章, 我們來聽一下前總統府英文演講撰稿人Andrew Yang的觀點吧:
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Economist 經濟學人這禮拜發表了一篇聳動的文章:The Most Dangerous Place on Earth: https://econ.st/3tbpZWT
雖然有些人覺得 Economist 寫的東西很無聊 (我以前在美國外交研究所,每個同學都這麼覺得),但他們的寫作邏輯嚴謹度是非常高的。
他們怎麼寫?
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The Most Dangerous Place on Earth: America and China must work harder to avoid war over the future of Taiwan
📌 文章架構:
1. Premise 前提:台海平衡建立在一個「矛盾」上
2. What if...:如果發生戰爭,會有多恐怖
3. Premise is weak:前提的平衡,比我們想像還要脆弱...
4. Reason 原因:武力侵台,對中國來說越來越可行了
5. Counter argument:但習近平真的想要冒這個風險嗎?沒人知道
6. Recommendation:所以台美要努力讓中國覺得武力不是一個選項
邏輯:
- 建立前提
- 然後探討不同發展方向會有什麼後果
- 我們有什麼理由/證據告訴我們會往哪個方向發展?
- 最後:在這種不確定下,我們該怎麼做?
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📌 標題的組合是聳動的一句 "most dangerous place on earth" 加上 call to action - 一定要努力避免戰爭。
這個是不錯的標題組合,大家不妨沿用:抓住注意力,然後給結論。
不過老實說,副標有點弱。因為 "work harder to avoid war" 是所有專家都講了幾十年的。標題太重要了,應該要有點新的東西,或是寫的很具體。而且拜託,如果有人叫你 "work harder",你會不會覺得:「廢話」?
就算我們簡單看內文,也可以生出更具體的副標:
- Has war become a viable option for Beijing?
- The strategic ambiguity over Taiwan is breaking down
- Time to remove war as an option
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好,文章開始:
The test of a first-rate intelligence, wrote F. Scott Fitzgerald, is the ability to hold two opposing ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function. For decades just such an exercise of high-calibre ambiguity has kept the peace between America and China over Taiwan...
Today, however, this strategic ambiguity is breaking down. The United States is coming to fear that it may no longer be able to deter China from seizing Taiwan by force.
📌 這個告訴讀者 (他們教育水準普遍非常高,但可能不大熟悉台灣),台海的平衡一直是一個矛盾的平衡,而這個平衡也許無法繼續維持了。這樣寫提高戲劇張力,吸引讀者。
他們這個開頭,其實也是伏筆,晚點會繞回來。
*引用 Fitzgerald 的話本身慢逗趣的,展現了他們的文學素養 lol。
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下一句告訴大家,台海戰爭對世界的後果有多恐怖:
War would be a catastrophe, and not only because of the bloodshed in Taiwan and the risk of escalation between two nuclear powers. One reason is economic. The island lies at the heart of the semiconductor industry. TSMC, the world’s most valuable chipmaker, etches 84% of the most advanced chips.
但他們反而把他們認為「最重要」的部分,放在後面:
The bigger reason is that Taiwan is an arena for the rivalry between China and America. Although the United States is not treaty-bound to defend Taiwan, a Chinese assault would be a test of America’s military might and its diplomatic and political resolve. If the Seventh Fleet failed to turn up, China would overnight become the dominant power in Asia. America’s allies around the world would know that they could not count on it. Pax Americana would collapse.
📌 最後一句最關鍵:如果美國不阻止中國,其他盟友會知道:美國可能不會來救我們。
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然後,他們就回到開頭的伏筆了:
To understand how to avoid conflict in the Taiwan Strait, start with the contradictions that have kept the peace during the past few decades. The government in Beijing insists it has a duty to bring about unification—even, as a last resort, by means of invasion. The Taiwanese, who used to agree that their island was part of China (albeit a non-Communist one), have taken to electing governments that stress its separateness, while stopping short of declaring independence. And America has protected Taiwan from Chinese aggression, even though it recognises the government in Beijing. These opposing ideas are bundled into what Fitzgerald’s diplomatic inheritors blithely call the “status quo”. In fact, it is a roiling, seething source of neurosis and doubt.
他們一一列出台美中三方的立場,然後指出:把這個叫做 "Status Quo" 根本就很荒唐啊!這個真的很 roiling, seething, neurotic (要強調的這麼誇張嗎...)。
📌 我發現 The Economist 很喜歡把最重要的結論放在最後面。其他刊物/作者可能會把重點放在最前面:"What Fitzgerald's diplomatic inheritors blithely call the "status quo" is in fact a roiling, seething source of neurosis..." 然後再列出三方的立場。
這可能也跟 The Economist 自認的讀者群有關:我認識會看他們東西的人,都是在家或是辦公室,真的坐下來好好看的,所以把重點放在後面還 ok,因為很多讀者會好好看到最後。但你如果寫給「瞄過去」的讀者,就請把重點放在段落最前面。
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🔎 需要更多的分析嗎? 想看完整文章的同學請按個讚和留言「從 Most Dangerous Place 文章,看經濟學人寫作邏輯」。
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Presentality系列文章:
📌 看貝佐斯致亞馬遜股東的最後一封信,學一些英文寫作小撇步
https://bit.ly/3xCN1cC
📌 英文演講實用的結構與技巧
https://bit.ly/2PHu3Ax
📌 在演講中的四種敘述角度
https://bit.ly/39tNUtv
📌 詩人Amanda Gorman的英文演講技巧
https://bit.ly/39sI3on
同時也有8部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅Pixel Start,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Showcase of All Revolver Weapons, Reload Animations and Sounds 1975-2021 Gun Fight 1975 outlaw 1976 Sewer Sam 1983 High Noon 1984 Gun.Smoke 1985 War ...
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island assault 在 Apple Daily - English Edition Facebook 的最佳貼文
Taiwan’s armed forces will test their capacity to defend the island against a simulated mainland Chinese attack that combines two aircraft carrier groups and an amphibious assault ship, officials said.
Read more: https://bit.ly/3xpbqSR
台灣國安局表示,軍方正進行的年度演習兵推,會加入解放軍利用新戰艦攻台的設想,去驗證台灣軍隊的防衞戰力。
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island assault 在 新‧二七部隊 軍事雜談 Facebook 的最佳解答
Goodbye, Bonhomme Richard.
去年夏天一場大火,導致兩棲突擊艦「好人理查號」艦島和飛行甲板受損,造成過於龐大的維修費用,因此美軍決定提早除役
island assault 在 Pixel Start Youtube 的精選貼文
Showcase of All Revolver Weapons, Reload Animations and Sounds
1975-2021
Gun Fight 1975
outlaw 1976
Sewer Sam 1983
High Noon 1984
Gun.Smoke 1985
War of the Dead 1987
Wild West World 1990
Dirty Harry 1990
The Lone Ranger 1991
alone in the dark 1992.
Virtua Cop 2 1995
Powerslave 1996
Outlaws 1997
Resident Evil: Director's Cut 1997
half life 1998
metal gear solid 1998
Duke Nukem: Zero Hour 1999
Tomb Raider: Chronicles 2000
Counter-Strike 2000
Silent Hill 2 2001
Alone in the Dark: The New Nightmare 2001
serious sam the first encounter 2001
Resident Evil 0 2002
Die Hard: Vendetta 2002
medal of honor allied assault 2002
prohect o.g.i 2 covert strike 2003
XIII 2003
True Crime: Streets of LA 2003
Battlefield Vietnam 2004
Resident Evil: Outbreak 2004
Serious Sam Advance 2004
half life 2 2004
Red Dead Revolver 2004
Total Overdose 2005
Call of Duty 2 2005
Gun 2005
Call of Juarez 2005
The History Channel: Civil War - A Nation Divided 2006
Black 2006
Killzone: Liberation 2006
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas 2006
crossfire 2007
team fortress 2 2007
Soldier of Fortune: Payback 2007
Battlefield: Bad Company 2008
Far Cry 2 2008
The Royal Marines Commando 2008
Call of Duty: World at War 2008
fallout 3 2008
Killzone 2 2009
Call of Juarez: Bound in Blood 2009
killing floor 2009
borderlands 2 2009
call of duty modern of warfare 2 2009
Battlefield Bad Company 2 2010
fallout new vegas 2010
firearms source 2010
metro 2033 2010
Call of Duty: Black Ops 2010
Red Dead Redemption 2010
BioShock 2 2010
RAGE 2011
dead island 2011
Battlefield 3 2011
Rusty Hearts 2011
Dino D-Day 2011
Resistance 3 2011
call of duty modern of warfare 3 2011
Counter Strike Global 2012
Far Cry 3 2012
Max Payne 3 2012
black mesa 2012
Spec Ops: The Line 2012
Battlefield 4 2013
Shadow Warrior 2013
Metro: Last Light 2013
call of juarez gunslinger 2013
bioshock infinite 2013
Metro Redux 2014
destiny 2014
the evil within 2014
Alien: Isolation 2014
Far Cry 4 2014
Fallout 4 2015
Survarium 2015
Battlefield Hardline 2015
Rainbow Six Siege 2015
Dying Light 2015
ZULA 2016
Shadow Warrior 2 2016
battlefiled 1 2016
overwatch 2016
Titanfall 2 2016
ghost in the shell first assault 2006
Black Squad 2017
snirer elite 4 2017
pubg 2017
tannenberg 2017
Rising Storm 2: Vietnam 2017
Call of Duty Black Ops 4 2018
HUNT SHOWDOWN 2018
Red Dead Redemption II 2018
Ironsight 2018
Ion Fury 2018
Pathologic 2 2019
Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2019
Metro Exodus 2019
The Outer Worlds 2019
control 2019
Zombie Army 4: Dead War 2020
The Last of Us Part 2 2020
Valorant 2020
Cyberpunk2077 2020
Enlisted 2021
Ready or Not 2021
Back 4 Blood 2021
Resident Evil Village 2021
Shadow Warrior 3 2021
Scorn 2021
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island assault 在 Frugal Outdoors & Camping Youtube 的最佳解答
Perkongsian kali ini tentang percubaan untuk melakukan Solo Trip selama 48 jam di pulau . Pelbagai cabaran terpaksa dihadapi semasa melakukan percubaan trip ini
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island assault 在 translation Youtube 的最佳貼文
#日本ファルコムが発売した88版('89年)RPG作品からの移植。
ハドソンが開発を行った。
家庭用機に初めて移植された英雄伝説且つ、SUPER CD-ROM2用ソフトの第1弾として発売された。
主な変更点としては、ゲーム起動時のプロローグ追加、声優によるキャラクターボイスの追加等が挙げられる。
BGMは大部分が米光氏によるCD-DAアレンジ曲となり、psg曲を星恵太氏が作曲した。psg,cd-da両曲用意されている曲があるのはCDの読み込み時間短縮目的の為(設定にてPSGを選択する事で変更される)。また、PCE版専用に幾つかの追加曲が存在する。
サウンドプロデューサー: 滝本利昭氏
ADPCM: 井上雅明氏
作・編曲:米光亮氏(CD-DA)、星恵太氏(psg)。
Manufacturer: 1991.10.25 Hudson
computer: PC Engine + Super CD-ROM2 / TurboGrafx CD
Hardware: CD-DA
CD?Audio: Compozilla, Makoto Suzuki
Sound Producer: Toshiaki Takimoto
Composer & Arranger: Ryo Yonemitsu (CD-DA),Keita Hoshi(PSG),Masaaki Inoue(pcm)
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00:00 01.opening 1 (オープニング 1 *pce専用曲)
02:45 02.opening 2 (オープニング 2 *pce専用曲)
04:08 03.The March of Heroes (英雄行進曲 *psg)
06:51 04.Town (街)
11:05 05.Town (街 *psg)
15:02 06.Field (フィールド)
18:52 07.Dungeon (ダンジョン)
21:53 08.Battle (戦闘/一般の戦闘)
25:46 09.Battle (戦闘/一般の戦闘 *psg)
29:00 10.Assault (襲撃 *pce専用曲)
31:57 11.Mid-Boss (中ボス戦 *pce専用曲)
35:01 12.Neargead Castle (ニルギド城)
38:02 13.Castle (城/第1章の出撃シーン等)
41:00 14.The voice of God (神の声/アクダムのイベント、竜の卵、ギルモアの里の遺跡、廃墟のエルアスタ等で使用)
42:08 15.Event Clear (イベントクリア)
42:20 16.Ship (船)
43:06 17.Pirate Island (海賊島)
47:16 18.Cilfy (シルフィ/シルフィの踊り、戦闘 *pce専用曲)
49:59 19.Dragon (ドラゴン/ドラゴンで移動)
52:56 20.Agnija (アグニージャ/本物のアグニージャ *pce専用曲)
57:57 21.Ending 1 (エンディング1)
01:04:57 22.Ending 2 (エンディング2/ドラスレ劇場)
01:09:11 23.Game Over (ゲームオーバー *psg)
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